![]() ![]() ![]() 8 However, veterinarians considering these signs should take into account the dog's age, BW, thoracic conformation, and depth of respiration, and assessments relying solely on these radiographic signs are subjective and insensitive to subtle changes. Microhepatia is diagnosed on the basis of a smaller than typical distance between the diaphragm and stomach, cranial displacement of the pylorus, a gastric axis that appears vertically or cranially angled, and cranial deviation of the cranial duodenal flexure, right kidney, and transverse colon. 3,8-10 Radiographic signs of focal liver enlargement include bulges or alterations in the hepatic margin or localized displacement of the adjacent organs (ie, fundus, gastric body, pylorus, right kidney, cranial duodenal flexure, transverse colon, head of the spleen, or diaphragm). In dogs with generalized liver enlargement, the caudoventral liver margin appears round or blunt and extends beyond the costal arch, and caudal deviation of the gastric axis is seen. 2,4-7 Radiographic evaluation of liver size involves both morphological and quantitative assessment. Various imaging techniques have been used to determine liver size in dogs, including radiography, ultrasonography, scintigraphy, CT, and MRI. 1 Hepatomegaly indicates pathological conditions such as inflammation, neoplasia, congestion, edema, and fatty infiltration, whereas microhepatia suggests hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, congenital atrophy, emaciation, or PSS. Liver size is a significant prognostic indicator of survival in humans with compensated cirrhosis and hepatic failure. ![]() Evaluation of the size of the liver by means of diagnostic imaging is important in the identification of hepatic abnormalities. ![]()
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